Ferns are an important component in the understorey of tropical forests and their distribution is influenced by several biotic and abiotic factors.At a regional scale, soil characteristics and canopy openness play an important role in fern species composition and richness, as well as in the abundance of individuals.Our objective was to compare the
Indigo is a natural blue dye substance of batik extracted from the leaves of indigo plant, which is eco-friendly and non-carcinogenic.To be able to extract an indigo dye substance, the indican glycosides contained in the leaves of the plant is first hydrolyzed into Indigo indoxyl and glucose by using either the dilute mineral acids or enzymes.The i
Background: Recent studies on bronchiectasis have revealed significant structural abnormalities and pathophysiological changes.However, there is limited research focused on pulmonary venous variability and congenital variation.Through our surgical observations, we noted that coarctation of pulmonary veins and atrophied lung volume are relatively co